<STRONG>B</STRONG><STRONG>ulldog Ring Handle Clamps</STRONG><BR>
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    During open surgery, ratcheting scissor-handled type clamps have often been used instead of bulldog clamps. These scissor-handled clamps use the surgeons hand force and a ratchet mechanism to apply and retain the clamping force. However, such clamps do not fit conveniently down trocars. Therefore, ratcheting ring-handled clamps, especially designed for endoscopic use, were developed.